In English, there are 4 types of auxiliary verbs, that be, do, have, and modals. You must master the four types of verbs because you will use in the formation of tenses.
Well, if you have forgotten the auxiliary verb, below is a brief explanation :
1.
Be
Be consist of am, are, is, was, and were. The table below shows the subjects and the forms.
Subjek
|
Present
|
Past
|
I
|
am
|
was
|
You/We/They
|
are
|
were
|
He/She/It
|
is
|
was
|
Example :
- I am a full time blogger.
- You are a student.
- The car was cleaned last week.
2.
Do
The auxiliary verb do consist of do, does, and did. The auxiliary verb is used in negative sentences and questions in verbal sentences, that's sententence which use verb. The table below shows the subject and form.
Subjek
|
Present
|
Past
|
I/You/We/They
|
do
|
did
|
He/She/It
|
does
|
Example :
- She does not like ice cream.
- I do not know much about politics.
- They did not live in New York.
- Does she love me?
- Did you sleep well last night?
3.
Have
Auxiliary verb consists of have, has, and had. Its function is to make a sentence that states something that already done (seperti pada present perfect tense). The table below shows the subject in accordance with the auxiliary verb have.
Subjek
|
Present
|
Past
|
I/You/We/They
|
have
|
had
|
He/She/It
|
has
|
Example :
- He has been a teacher since 1998.
- I have rented this car for two days.
- They had lived in Bandung for five years.
4.
Modals
The fourth auxiliary verb is composed of modals can, must, may, should, and others. Its function is to express mental attitudes, such as the ability, necessity, certainty, demand, prohibition, and so on.
Modal
Auxiliary (Kata Kerja Bantu)
- Can,
- Must,
- May,
- Shall,
- Will,
- Should,
- Would,
- Could,
- Might
- Ought to
is the auxiliary verb which is directly followed by a basic auxiliary verb (without "to"): Example: can go; shall help; may come; will teach; should make, ought to help, and so on.
Auxiliary verbs (could, would, will) also be used for applications that are more polite, to give advice or counsel, and to ask for permission. Consider the following example:
Auxiliary verbs (could, would, will) also be used for applications that are more polite, to give advice or counsel, and to ask for permission. Consider the following example:
- Could you tell me something about it? (Could di sini
untuk permohonan yang lebih sopan daripada Can)
- You should do it right away. (Should dipakai untuk
memberikan nasihat)
- You may sit here. (May dipakai untuk memberikan izin)
May also can be used for prediction. But the speaker in here still unsure about the fact.
Example :
- It may rain tomorrow. (Mungkin akan hujan besok.)
Another examples :
- I can
swim well.
- She might
help you now.
- They will
visit you, I think.
- My friends may
tell you that I am here.
For negative sentences,
You just need to add NOT after Auxiliary verb :
- She can not
swim yet.
- Sorry. I will
not do it.
- You may not
sit here.
- He should not
do it.
Most Modal Auxiliary often abbreviated in conversation:
I can't do it
now.
You won't be
able to see her.
They shouldn't
have told her about it.
To make interrogative sentence, You just need to move the Auxiliary verb in front of the sentence which asked:
- Can you help me?
- Should I do it alone?
- May she go now?
- Might there be a
problem later?
Modal Auxiliary CAN'T
most used as "probability". For the easier let's take a look at the explanation :
- She can't be poor.
- He can't be here.
For probability in the past it used HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE.
Example:
- She can't have been here last night.
- I can't have failed this test.
- She can't have loved you. In fact, she has left
you.
Look carefully at the conversation below :
Lutfi : Budi spent the night
with me last night.
Fitri : He can't
have spent the night with you last night. He and I went to the beach and we
stayed there till dawn.
MUST and MAY also used as "probability".
- John must be rich. (John pasti kaya.) or in the other words "I am sure John is rich.
- John may be rich. (John mungkin kaya.) or we can say. Perhaps, John is rich.
Probability for the event in the past used HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE:
- He must have been here last night. (I am sure he was
here last night.)
- She may have phoned you. (Maybe, he phoned you.)
SHALL
Often used in spoken English or in conversation to give the bid, for example, help or something that you can do for others.
Example:
- Shall I open the window? (Mau saya buka kan
jendelanya?)
- Shall we wait here? (Anda ingin kami menunggu di sini?)
- Shall I call you this evening? (Anda ingin saya
menelpon Anda sore ini?)
- Shall I carry your bag? (Mau saya bantu bawain tas Anda?)
Shall also be used in a formal atmosphere (especially British English) to declare the activities in the future. Remain subject I or WE.
Exampple:
- I shall be away for a couple of weeks.
- We shall be back next month.
- I shall marry you next year.(Saya berjanji akan
menikahinya.)
- He shall become a good father. (Dia bakal jadi seorang
ayah yang baik.)
In formal documents SHALL be used to express a command or necessity.
- Payment shall be made in cash.
- All contracts shall be signed before December 31st.
- Employees shall make monthly reports.
OUGHT [ɔːt] =
PATUT, HARUS, SEPATUTNYA
OUGHT followed by infinitive with TO the usefulness for:
OUGHT followed by infinitive with TO the usefulness for:
- Provide recommendations or suggestions (Memberikan rekomendasi atau anjuran).
- Assumptions or estimates (Asumsi atau perkiraan).
- A strong possibility (Kemungkinan yang kuat).
Perhatikan contoh-contoh kalimat
berikut:
- You ought to trust
your friend. (Anda harus mempercayainya.) Harus di sini adalah bermaksud
memberikan rekomendasi. Bukan keharusan dari si pembicara.
- He ought to be
chosen as one of the participants. (Dia patut dipilih sebagai........)
- We ought to get
salary rise next month. (Kemungkinan besar kita akan mendapatkan kenaikan
gaji...)
In question (kalimat tanya) ought move in to the front of the subject.
Example:
- Ought I to stay here waiting for you all?
- Ought he to get promoted this year?
- Ought the price of rice to increase next week?
The negative sentence of OUGHT TO is OUGHTN'T or OUGHT NOT can be follow by TO or without TO.
Example:
- You oughtn't to do it yourself. Atau You ought not do
it yourself
- She ought not jog because she's not fully recovered
yet.
- Oughtn't you get promoted?
OUGHT TO+PAST PARTICIPLE
- You ought to have done it yesterday.
- She ought to have been sent abroad.
WOULD + INFINITIVE
Would also can be used to tell the habit from the past. Perhatikan contoh-contoh berikut:
- When I was a kid, I would go out to the hill with my
friends. Then after that, we would go down the river to swim.
- When I was a student, my mother would often tell me not
to go back home late. She would ask me to be careful when I went out
alone.
- What would you often do when you lived in Mexico?
Would like above can't be used if we just used it to say:
- I would live in the village. (kalimat ini tidak tepat
jika kita bermaksud mengatakan sesuatu yang pernah kita lakukan di masa
lampau. Kalimat "I used to live in the village." lebih tepat
digunakan dalam hal ini.
Would also used in polite request. Particularly used against people if we do not know well. Example: Would you call
a taxi for me? Would you like me to tell him about it?
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